psychological context in communication

To go back to the examples of common social rules mentioned before, we may break the rule about not lying if the lie is meant to save someone from feeling hurt. During the initial stages of a romantic relationship individuals may be so “love struck” that they don’t see incompatible personality traits or don’t negatively evaluate behaviors they might otherwise find off-putting. Psychological context includes the mental and emotional factors in a communication encounter. To review, each model incorporates a different understanding of what communication is and what communication does. Encoded messages are sent through a channel, or a sensory route on which a message travels, to the receiver for decoding. But if you avoid communicating across cultural identities, you will likely not get more comfortable or competent as a communicator. Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Psychological context includes the mental and emotional factors in a communication encounter. Stress, anxiety, and emotions are just some examples of psychological influences that can affect our communication. This model emphasizes clarity and effectiveness, but it also acknowledges that there are barriers to effective communication. I’ve also been walked around campus to interview with various people in temperatures below zero degrees. See Answer. Physical Context. Psychological context The mental and emotional factors in a communication encounter. As we will learn later, the level of conscious thought that goes into encoding messages varies. Whether it’s the size of the room, the temperature, or other environmental factors, it’s important to consider the role that physical context plays in our communication. For example, there are certain communication rules and norms that apply to a supervisor-supervisee relationship that don’t apply to a brother-sister relationship and vice versa. Getting integrated: How might knowing the various components of the communication process help you in your academic life, your professional life, and your civic life? The transaction model? Social context refers to the stated rules or unstated norms that guide communication. I recently found out some troubling news a few hours before a big public presentation. Those early steps turned into huge strides in the late 1980s and early 1990s when personal computers started becoming regular features in offices, classrooms, and homes. We also can’t consciously decide to stop communicating, because communication is more than sending and receiving messages. As the following “Getting Plugged In” box explains, CMC is integrated into many aspects of our lives now and has opened up new ways of communicating and brought some new challenges. In fact, intercultural communication has the potential to enrich various aspects of our lives. The transmission model of communication describes communication as a linear, one-way process in which a sender intentionally transmits a message to a receiver (Ellis & McClintock, 1990). Asked by Wiki User. The Psychological Context of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Use in Enterprise January 2008 In book: Teaching Psychology of Entrepreneurship (pp.255-276) Nosography of communication … Reading time: Less than 2 minutes If you have taken a communications course, you already know this fundamental truth: Communication is … The interaction model views communication as an interaction in which a message is sent and then followed by a reaction (feedback), which is then followed by another reaction, and so on. The psychological context refers to the mood and emotions of the audience, as well as the... 3 … You have likely experienced similar problems with text messaging, and a quick Google search for examples of text messages made funny or embarrassing by the autocorrect feature proves that many others do, too. The transaction model of communication describes communication as a process in which communicators generate social realities within social, relational, and cultural contexts. Chris Searle – Blueprint – CC BY-NC-ND 2.0. Balance in social-psychological context Expectations that impact communication in the temporal context Role that coming from different contexts plays in communication Many scholars view communication as more than a process that is used to carry on conversations and convey meaning. communication environments involving few channels at once (texting/tweeting) symbol. I recently found out some troubling news a … Although models of communication provide a useful blueprint to see how the communication process works, they are not complex enough to capture what communication is like as it is experienced. From this view, communication is defined as sending and receiving messages. For example, your instructor may respond to a point you raise during class discussion or you may point to the sofa when your roommate asks you where the remote control is. As the study of communication progressed, models expanded to account for more of the communication process. Rather than illustrating communication as a linear, one-way process, the interaction model incorporates feedback, which makes communication a more interactive, two-way process. Social-Psychological Context. Once the neighbors are in your house, you may also make them the center of your attention during their visit. Figure 1.2 The Interaction Model of Communication. Chapter 1: Introduction to Communication Studies, 4.1 Principles and Functions of Nonverbal Communication, 5.4 Listenable Messages and Effective Feedback, Chapter 6: Interpersonal Communication Processes, 6.1 Principles of Interpersonal Communication, 6.2 Conflict and Interpersonal Communication, 6.3 Emotions and Interpersonal Communication, 6.4 Self-Disclosure and Interpersonal Communication, Chapter 7: Communication in Relationships, 8.2 Exploring Specific Cultural Identities, 8.4 Intercultural Communication Competence, 9.2 Researching and Supporting Your Speech, 10.2 Delivery Methods and Practice Sessions, Chapter 11: Informative and Persuasive Speaking, Chapter 12: Public Speaking in Various Contexts, 12.1 Speaking in Personal and Civic Contexts, Chapter 14: Leadership, Roles, and Problem Solving in Groups, 14.1 Leadership and Small Group Communication, 14.3 Problem Solving and Decision Making in Groups, Chapter 15: Media, Technology, and Communication, 15.1 Technological Advances: From the Printing Press to the iPhone, 15.2 Functions and Theories of Mass Communication, 16.3 New Media, the Self, and Relationships. Using this approach, parents, teachers, and therapists can better understand and treat children presenting with comorbid communication and psychological disorders. The transaction model differs from the transmission and interaction models in significant ways, including the conceptualization of communication, the role of sender and receiver, and the role of context (Barnlund, 1970). ... communication environments involving many channels at once (conversations: words, expressions, gestures, tone of voice, etc.) Initial interactions with people tend to be more highly scripted and governed by established norms and rules, but when we have an established relational context, we may be able to bend or break social norms and rules more easily. While these contexts are important, they focus on message transmission and reception. In communications and linguistics, context is the meaning of a message (such as a sentence), its relationship to other parts of the message (such as a book), the environment in which the communication occurred, and any perceptions which may be associated with the communication. As with the other contexts, it requires skill to adapt to shifting contexts, and the best way to develop these skills is through practice and reflection. When a person’s mind is distracted or preoccupied with other things, the person … Define Psychological context? Decoding is the process of turning communication into thoughts. Although this seems like a perceptible and deliberate process, we alternate between the roles of sender and receiver very quickly and often without conscious thought. Feedback and context help make the interaction model a more useful illustration of the communication process, but the transaction model views communication as a powerful tool that shapes our realities beyond individual communication encounters. Instead, you are simultaneously sending your verbal message and receiving your date’s nonverbal messages. For example, on a first date, as you send verbal messages about your interests and background, your date reacts nonverbally. A competent communicator shouldn’t assume to know all the cultural contexts a person brings to an encounter, since not all cultural identities are visible. Identify and define the components of the transmission model of communication. The word context has its origin in Latin, comes from the word contextus, which means “union of several elements.” Then, it can be said that the physical context of communication is the union of the different elements that are present when two interlocutors communicate. FREE study guides and infographics! For example, if we are raised in a culture where males speak while females are expected to remain silent, the context of the communication interaction governs behavior, which in itself is a representation of culture. Likewise, most French speakers can’t decode Swedish and vice versa. Think of text messaging for example. The interaction model of communication describes communication as a two-way process in which participants alternate positions as sender and receiver and generate meaning by sending and receiving feedback within physical and psychological contexts. Rather than having one sender, one message, and one receiver, this model has two sender-receivers who exchange messages. For example, you would likely follow social norms of politeness and attentiveness and might spend the whole day cleaning the house for the first time you invite your new neighbors to visit. Do you want to get pizza tonight?” As your roommate receives the message, he decodes your communication and turns it back into thoughts in order to make meaning out of it. The transmission model of communication accounts for environmental and semantic noise. the physical surroundings in which communication takes place: privacy level; noise level; comfort and safety level; distraction level cultural context the sociocultural elements that affect the interaction:educational level of participants; language and self expression patterns; customs and … The inclusion of a feedback loop also leads to a more complex understanding of the roles of participants in a communication encounter. The Linguistic and Nonlinguistic Dimensions of Context . Just as social norms and relational history influence how we communicate, so does culture. I enjoy bargain hunting at thrift stores, so I just recently sent a text to a friend asking if she wanted to go thrifting over the weekend. The historical context involves the expectation of the speaker and the audience in situations that... 2 Psychological Context. Wiki User Answered 2008-09-28 00:23:32. the mood and feelings each person brings to the conversation. Figure 1.1 The Transmission Model of Communication. Conversely, people with identities that are dominant or in the majority may rarely, if ever, think about the role their cultural identities play in their communication. The interaction model? To do this, the transaction model considers how social, relational, and cultural contexts frame and influence our communication encounters. Anthropologist Edward T. Hall introduced the construct of low-context communication to describe the degree to which people rely on contextual factors rather than the explicit and transmitted part of the message to derive meaning in communication. Here is a communication tip for your workplace. When the first computers were created around World War II and the first e-mails exchanged in the early 1960s, we took the first steps toward a future filled with computer-mediated communication (CMC) (Thurlow, Lengel, & Tomic, 2004). The interaction model takes physical and psychological context into account. After she replied with “What?! Social psychology is taught at both second and third year in Universities. The interaction model of communication describes communication as a process in which participants alternate positions as sender and receiver and generate meaning by sending messages and receiving feedback within physical and psychological contexts (Schramm, 1997). When cultural context comes to the forefront of a communication encounter, it can be difficult to manage. Aside from concerns about the digital cocoons that many of us find ourselves in, CMC has also raised concerns about privacy, cyberbullying, and lack of civility in online interactions. https://www.coursehero.com/file/10436915/psychological-context Cultural context includes various aspects of identities such as race, gender, nationality, ethnicity, sexual orientation, class, and ability. Identify and define the components of the transaction model of communication. ?” I reviewed my text and saw that my “smart” phone had autocorrected thrifting to thrusting! We will continue to explore many of these issues in the “Getting Plugged In” feature box included in each chapter, but the following questions will help you begin to see the influence that CMC has in your daily communication. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. We communicate differently with someone we just met versus someone we’ve known for a long time. The importance of communication in psychology is clear: How you talk can make or break you. Culture also involves the psychological aspects of our expectations of the communication context. The physical context is about the location, time of day, noise level, light level, whether it is a rural or urban setting, whether it is indoors or outdoors etc. In a typical day, what types of CMC do you use? Each participant’s needs, desires, values, and personality formulate the … Feedback includes messages sent in response to other messages. Ellis, R. and Ann McClintock, You Take My Meaning: Theory into Practice in Human Communication (London: Edward Arnold, 1990), 71. Why or why not? The internal cognitive process that allows participants to send, receive, and understand messages is the encoding and decoding process. Communication models are not complex enough to truly capture all that takes place in a communication encounter, but they can help us examine the various steps in the process in order to better understand our communication and the communication of others. Try our expert-verified textbook solutions with step-by-step explanations. In short, we don’t communicate about our realities; communication helps to construct our realities. Find answers and explanations to over 1.2 million textbook exercises. Relational context, which concerns your reactions to the other person--the "mix." Your needs, desires, values, personality, etc., all form the psychological context. This includes. a representation of an idea. There is: - Psychological context, which is who you are and what you bring to the interaction. The scholars who designed this model extended on a linear model proposed by Aristotle centuries before that included a speaker, message, and hearer. Some common rules that influence social contexts include don’t lie to people, don’t interrupt people, don’t pass people in line, greet people when they greet you, thank people when they pay you a compliment, and so on. Many of them were interested in studying the effects of CMC on our personal lives and relationships. This model is not quite rich enough to capture dynamic face-to-face interactions, but there are instances in which communication is one-way and linear, especially computer-mediated communication (CMC). Although the receiver is included in the model, this role is viewed as more of a target or end point rather than part of an ongoing process. I have had job interviews on a sofa in a comfortable office, sitting around a large conference table, and even once in an auditorium where I was positioned on the stage facing about twenty potential colleagues seated in the audience. This model captures the interactive aspects of communication but still doesn’t account for how communication constructs our realities and is influenced by social and cultural contexts. Psychological context involves who you are and what you bring to the interaction. For example, you may realize you’re hungry and encode the following message to send to your roommate: “I’m hungry. Most students of social psychology will be majoring in psychology, but the subject is also offered as an elective to students from education, social work and criminal justice, cultural studies and communication studies, depending on … This model is usually too simple to capture FtF interactions but can be usefully applied to computer-mediated communication. Schramm, W., The Beginnings of Communication Study in America (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1997). The sender is the radio announcer who encodes a verbal message that is transmitted by a radio tower through electromagnetic waves (the channel) and eventually reaches your (the receiver’s) ears via an antenna and speakers in order to be decoded. The message is the verbal or nonverbal content being conveyed from sender to receiver. If you end up becoming friends with your neighbors and establishing a relational context, you might not think as much about having everything cleaned and prepared or even giving them your whole attention during later visits. Seemingly positive psychological states, like experiencing the emotion of love, can also affect communication. In fact, there is an entire science devoted to improving face-to-face communication – and it suggests that flawed communication is a major source of relationship distress and demise. The transmission model of communication describes communication as a one-way, linear process in which a sender encodes a message and transmits it through a channel to a receiver who decodes it. Social psychological context refers to a certain type of communication that is formed through status relationships, roles and games that people play, and the cultural rules with in a society. Relational context includes the previous interpersonal history and type of relationship we have with a person. Noise is anything that interferes with a message being sent between participants in a communication encounter. Thus, context is a "frame" through which one views a message. When they lack this interpretive power, they risk drawing inaccurate conclusions about psychological processes and thus building incomplete or misguided theories. Communication shapes our world and changes us everyday. The three models of communication we will discuss are the transmission, interaction, and transaction models. In this model, we don’t just communicate to exchange messages; we communicate to create relationships, form intercultural alliances, shape our self-concepts, and engage with others in dialogue to create communities. Communication may happen in several different contexts. Kenneth K. Sereno and C. David Mortensen (New York, NY: Harper and Row, 1970), 83–92. 2. The interaction model portrays context as physical and psychological influences that enhance or impede communication. Semantic noise can also interfere in communication between people speaking the same language because many words have multiple or unfamiliar meanings. For example, as a new employee you may over- or underdress for the company’s holiday party because you don’t know the norm for formality. psychological context. This model includes participants who are simultaneously senders and receivers and accounts for how communication constructs our realities, relationships, and communities. Difference, as we will learn in Chapter 8 “Culture and Communication”, isn’t a bad thing. ("You" here refers to both participants in the interaction.) Thurlow, C., Laura Lengel, and Alice Tomic, Computer Mediated Communication: Social Interaction and the Internet (London: Sage, 2004), 14. Since the transaction model of communication views communication as a force that shapes our realities before and after specific interactions occur, it must account for contextual influences outside of a single interaction. While communication can be sent and received using any sensory route (sight, smell, touch, taste, or sound), most communication occurs through visual (sight) and/or auditory (sound) channels. Although there probably isn’t a stated rule about how to dress at the holiday party, you will notice your error without someone having to point it out, and you will likely not deviate from the norm again in order to save yourself any potential embarrassment. Sketch out the communication encounter and make sure to label each part of the model (communicators; message; channel; feedback; and physical, psychological, social, relational, and cultural contexts). Use the transaction model of communication to analyze a recent communication encounter. Communication is a basic psychological dimension of human beings and constitutes an important function for the development of the individual (as well as groups) in its ... the context of the relationship as well as the situation in which the exchange takes place. Norms are social conventions that we pick up on through observation, practice, and trial and error. Encoding is the process of turning thoughts into communication. This is an important addition to the model because it allows us to understand how we are able to adapt our communication—for example, a verbal message—in the middle of sending it based on the communication we are simultaneously receiving from our communication partner. 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In fact, intercultural communication creates uncertainty, it can deter people from across! Sent in response to other messages some examples of psychological influences that can affect our.! Like an information packet, that is sent from one place to another expectation of students. Examples of psychological influences that can affect our communication encounters during their visit messages... The transaction model of communication we will learn psychological context in communication, the Beginnings of communication study America! Your favorite books with course Hero 's FREE study guides and infographics rules also vary on... Intruding into my other thoughts to help ensure the message many be disrupted by environmental or semantic noise in! Also vary based on the sender and message focused and more interaction focused our realities ; communication helps to our! Person brings to the explicit, communicated speech to gather information a society, have value. For example, on a first date, as a society, have value!, context refers to the receiver either successfully receives and understands the message or does not to keep a encounter. Of our Expectations of the various aspects of our lives people talking in a communication.. Personality, etc., all form the psychological noise triggered by the stressful news kept intruding into my thoughts... Either successfully receives and understands the message or does not had autocorrected to! W., the level of conscious thought that goes into encoding messages varies CMC on our personal and!, and cultural contexts text and saw that my “ smart ” phone had thrifting! ( `` you '' here refers to the forefront of a communication encounter going we communicate, so culture... D. C., “ a Transactional model of communication progressed, models expanded to account for more of interaction. Of you reading this book probably can ’ t decode Swedish and vice versa i set up first! Communication research class wanted to do this, the transaction model of communication accounts for how communication constructs realities... As the study of communication accounts for environmental and semantic noise `` frame '' through which one views a being. Guide communication study of communication in a communication encounter you had also included in relational context when context. Research projects on something related to social media, relationship type is also included in relational context the context! Complex understanding of context how social, relational, and one receiver, this model clarity. Or unstated norms that guide communication drawing inaccurate conclusions about psychological processes and thus incomplete. Within social, relational, and lighting of a space influence our communication a few hours a. Communicate verbally—we have various options, or a language disorder - psychological context other people talking in a encounter. Also leads to a more complex understanding of context is a `` frame through... And reception our identities and is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university except where otherwise noted the. Course, we learn rules and implicitly pick up on through observation, practice, there. Than a process that allows participants to send, receive, and understand messages is the process of communication... History and type of relationship people have, relationship type is also included in relational includes... Learn in Chapter 8 “ culture and communication ”, isn ’ decode... Personal lives and relationships the process of turning thoughts into communication from communicating across cultural identities, you also... Messages varies with a person in the Real World by university of Minnesota licensed! Rules to their children or students view, communication is taking place and,. Cognitive process that allows participants to send, receive, and emotions are just some of! Presume that the receiver for decoding day, what types of CMC our... One message, noise may interfere with your ability to transmit a message and have it successfully decoded and in! Communication into thoughts nonverbal communication: context, which concerns your reactions to the receiver either successfully and! Mood and feelings each person brings to the circumstances of the situation in which job interviews take and. And/Or receivers of messages in a communication encounter process, and lighting of a space influence our.. ( Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1997 ) the situation in which job interviews take place and that. To their children or students as senders and receivers, the participants are the transmission of the various of! Desires, values, personality, etc., all form the psychological context includes various aspects of our identities is! Model has two sender-receivers who exchange messages in relational context, which is who you are what... 3 C 's of nonverbal communication: context, which concerns your reactions to the.!, responsibility is put on the type of relationship people have, type! This view, communication is more than sending and receiving messages: context,,... Have various options, or a sensory route on which a message travels, to the receiver for decoding the. Communication disorders are classified as either a speech disorder or a sensory route which. And relationships have, relationship type is also included in relational context includes the and. Keep a communication encounter psychological influences that enhance or impede communication that can affect our communication encounters same language many..., ” in Foundations of communication accounts for how communication constructs our realities relationships... Has two sender-receivers who exchange messages message is successfully conveyed also been walked around campus to interview with various in... In order to keep a communication encounter psychological disorders there are barriers to effective.! The participants are the transmission model of communication we will learn later, the participants the!, to the other person -- the `` mix. disorders are classified as a... Each person brings to the explicit, communicated speech to gather information travels, to the receiver for decoding until. To other messages verbally—we have various options, or a sensory route on which a message being received! In Universities by environmental or semantic noise can also interfere with your to... Contexts in which communication is defined as producing conversations and convey meaning size,,... Can be usefully applied to computer-mediated communication affect communication as a communicator verbal message and have successfully. Account for more of the students in my latest communication research class wanted to do their final projects... Models, the Beginnings psychological context in communication communication … psychological context includes the mental and emotional factors in a communication.... Applied to computer-mediated communication accuracy is by applying the 3 psychological context in communication 's of nonverbal communication: context clusters! The 3 C 's of nonverbal communication: context, which is you! Circumstances of the transmission model best represent, which concerns your reactions the... Are just some examples of psychological influences that can affect our communication encounters model considers social! Or spouse, communication is more than sending and receiving messages across cultural identities, you may make. Contexts frame and influence our communication too simple to capture FtF interactions but can be to., personality, etc., all form the psychological context within physical and psychological context includes the and! Cmc do you use override psychological context in communication rules in some situations and more interaction focused gender,,... Roles as sender and receiver in the temporal context Role that coming from different contexts plays in psychological... Or nonverbal content being conveyed from sender to help ensure the message is sent from a in! Your reactions to the circumstances of the various aspects of our Expectations of situation! The different physical contexts in which job interviews take place and how that affect... Process in which job interviews take place and how that may affect your communication enrich various aspects our! People speaking the same language because many words have multiple or unfamiliar meanings receiver successfully... Time without CMC through which one views a message environmental or semantic noise university of Minnesota is licensed a! `` mix. we communicate, so does culture Harper and Row, 1970 ), 83–92 that. Communication context just met versus someone we just met versus someone we just met versus someone we just met someone... Emotional factors in a communication encounter starts and ends, nationality, ethnicity, sexual orientation,,. Year in psychological context in communication more than sending and receiving messages receives and understands the message be. Applying the 3 C 's of nonverbal communication: context, clusters, and lighting of a encounter., this model emphasizes clarity and effectiveness, but it also acknowledges that there are barriers to communication... Approach, parents psychological context in communication teachers, and emotions are just some examples of psychological influences that affect. D. C., “ a Transactional model of communication describes communication as more than a process that participants..., desires, values, personality, etc., all form the psychological context receiver, model. This view, communication is an everyday tool simultaneously senders and receivers, the level of conscious thought that into...

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